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A vibrant, diverse history of Vesuvius and the Bay of Naples in the
age of Romanticism  Vesuvius is best known for its
disastrous eruption of 79CE. But only after 1738, in the age of
Enlightenment, did the excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii
reveal its full extent. In an era of groundbreaking scientific
endeavour and violent revolution, Vesuvius became a focal point of
strong emotions and political aspirations, an object of geological
enquiry, and a powerful symbol of the Romantic obsession with
nature. Â John Brewer charts the changing seismic and social
dynamics of the mountain, and the meanings attached by travellers
to their sublime confrontation with nature. The pyrotechnics of
revolution and global warfare made volcanic activity the perfect
political metaphor, fuelling revolutionary enthusiasm and
conservative trepidation. From Swiss mercenaries to English
entrepreneurs, French geologists to local Neapolitan guides, German
painters to Scottish doctors, Vesuvius bubbled and seethed not just
with lava, but with people whose passions, interests, and aims were
as disparate as their origins.
Culture does not become 'culture' until it is consumed. This is the radical new interpretation of early modern social history presented in The Consumption of Culture 1600-1800. Leading specialists from North America and Europe explore topics such as the formation of a culture consuming public, the development of a literary canon, the role of consumption in the formation of the modern state, elite and popular forms of cultural consumption and the place of women as consumers of culture. The result is an important and rich new approach to the study of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
First published in 1989. `The book is a distinguished work - of
importance to students of governmental development generally. It is
written in a fluent, non-technical manner that should reach a wide
audience.' American Historical Review.
Early Modern Conceptions of Property draws together distinguished academics from a variety of disciplines, including law, economics, politics, art history, social history and literature, in order to consider fundamental issues of property in the early modern period. Presenting diverse original historical and literary case studies in a sophisticated theoretical framework, it offers a challenge to conventional interpretations.
Culture does not become 'culture' until it is consumed. This is the
radical new interpretation of early modern social history presented
in The Consumption of Culture 1600-1800. Leading specialists from
North America and Europe explore topics such as the formation of a
culture consuming public, the development of a literary canon, the
role of consumption in the formation of the modern state, elite and
popular forms of cultural consumption and the place of women as
consumers of culture. The result is an important and rich new
approach to the study of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
"Early Modern Conceptions of Property" examines the roots and
genealogy of conceptions of property dating back to the early
modern period. Identifying the history of intellectual property and
genetic property to that era, this book provides a stimulating and
inter-disciplinary investigation of property, its early
formulation, basis, and practice.
"Early Modern Conceptions of Property" draws together a
distinguished group of scholars from an array of disciplines,
including law, economics, politics, art history, social history and
literature in order to consider fundamental issues of property in
the early modern period. Presenting diverse, original historical
and literary case studies in a sophisticated theoretical framework,
it offers a challenge to conventional domestically focused and
land-based interpretations; examining such intangibles as
intellectual property and genetic property, terms whose roots date
back to the early modern period.
Contributors: Donna Andrew, Richard Ashcraft, Hilary Beckles,
David D. Bien, Carol Blum, John Brewer, Patrick Coleman, Michael
Craton, Barbara B. Diefendorf, Nina Rattner Gelbart, Dena Goodman,
Robert W. Gordon, John Guillory, Tim Keirn, Lawrence E. Klein,
David Lieberman, P.J. Marshall, Mario H. Pastore, Julie Stone
Peters, James Raven, Harriet Ritvo, Laura Rosenthal, Ian Shapiro,
David Solkin, Margaret R. Somers, Susan Staves, David Sugarman.
The study of past society in terms of what it consumes rather than what it produces is - relatively speaking - a new development. The focus on consumption changes the whole emphasis and structure of historical enquiry. While human beings usually work within a single trade or industry as producers, as, say, farmers or industrial workers, as consumers they are active in many different markets or networks. And while history written from a production viewpoint has, by chance or design, largely been centred on the work of men, consumption history helps to restore women o the mainstream. The history of consumption demands a wide range of skills. It calls upon the methods and techniques of many other disciplines, including archaeology, sociology, social and economic history, anthropology and art criticism. But it is not simply a melting-pot of techniques and skills, brought to bear on a past epoch. Its objectives amount to a new description of a past culture in its totality, as perceived through its patterns of consumption in goods and services. Consumption and the World of Goods is the first of three volumes to examine history from this perspective, and is a unique collaboration between twenty-six leading subject specialists from Europe and North America. The outcome is a new interpretation of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, one that shapes a new historical landscape based on the consumption of goods and services.
Under the later Stuarts, England became a major European military
power, English armies and navies grew to an unprecedented size,
civilian administration burgeoned and taxation, public borrowing
and spending on war reached new heights. This work examines the
causes of the emergence in England of this fiscal-military state
and the features which distinguished it from European powers. It
also charts the effect of these developments on society at large:
their impact on the economy, on social structure and politics and
their role in developing special interest groups and lobbies. Thus
it provided an interpretative framework which links adminstration
with politics, public finance with the economy and foreign policy
with domestic affairs.
The study of past society in terms of what it consumes rather than
what it produces is - relatively speaking - a new development. The
focus on consumption changes the whole emphasis and structure of
historical enquiry. While human beings usually work within a single
trade or industry as producers, as, say, farmers or industrial
workers, as consumers they are active in many different markets or
networks. And while history written from a production viewpoint
has, by chance or design, largely been centred on the work of men,
consumption history helps to restore women o the mainstream. The
history of consumption demands a wide range of skills. It calls
upon the methods and techniques of many other disciplines,
including archaeology, sociology, social and economic history,
anthropology and art criticism. But it is not simply a melting-pot
of techniques and skills, brought to bear on a past epoch. Its
objectives amount to a new description of a past culture in its
totality, as perceived through its patterns of consumption in goods
and services. Consumption and the World of Goods is the first of
three volumes to examine history from this perspective, and is a
unique collaboration between twenty-six leading subject specialists
from Europe and North America. The outcome is a new interpretation
of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, one that shapes a new
historical landscape based on the consumption of goods and
services.
On an April evening in 1779, a woman is shot on the steps of Covent
Garden. Her murderer is a young soldier and Church of England
minister; her lover, the Earl of Sandwich, one of the most powerful
politicians of the day. This compelling account of murder, love and
intrigue brings Georgian London to life in a spellbinding
historical masterpiece. On an April evening in 1779, Martha Ray,
mistress of the Earl of Sandwich, was shot on the steps of Covent
Garden by James Hackman, a young soldier and minister of the Church
of England. She died instantly, leaving behind a grief-stricken
lover and five small children. Hackman, after trying to kill
himself, was arrested, tried and hanged at Tyburn ten days later.
The story was to become one of the scandals of the age. It seemed
an open-and-shut case, but why had Hackman killed Ray? He claimed
he suffered from 'love's madness' but his motives remained obscure.
And as Martha Ray shared the bed of one of the most powerful and
unpopular politicians of the day (and one of Georgian London's
greatest libertines), the city buzzed with the story, as every hack
journalist sharpened his pen. John Brewer has written an account of
this violent murder that is as thrilling and compelling as the best
crime novel. Atmospheric, beautifully written, and alive with the
characters and bustle of 18th-century London, the book examines in
minute detail the events of a few crucial moments and gives an
unforgettable account of the relationships between the three
protagonists and their different places within society. However,
the interest in Martha's murder did not end with the Georgians, and
'Sentimental Murder 'ranges over two centuries, populated by
journalists, biographers and historians who tried to make sense of
the killing. And so it becomes an intriguing exploration of the
relations between history and fiction, storytelling and fact, past
and present. John Brewer has transformed a tragic tale of murder
into an historical masterpiece.
The Pleasures of the Imagination examines the birth and development
of English "high culture" in the eighteenth century. It charts the
growth of a literary and artistic world fostered by publishers,
theatrical and musical impresarios, picture dealers and
auctioneers, and presented to th public in coffee-houses, concert
halls, libraries, theatres and pleasure gardens. In 1660, there
were few professional authors, musicians and painters, no public
concert series, galleries, newspaper critics or reviews. By the
dawn of the nineteenth century they were all aprt of the cultural
life of the nation. John Brewer's enthralling book explains how
this happened and recreates the world in which the great works of
English eighteenth-century art were made. Its purpose is to show
how literature, painting, music and the theatre were communicated
to a public increasingly avid for them. It explores the alleys and
garrets of Grub Street, rummages the shelves of bookshops and
libraries, peers through printsellers' shop windows and into
artists' studios, and slips behind the scenes at Drury Lane and
Covent Garden. It takes us out of Gay and Boswell's London to visit
the debating clubs, poetry circles, ballrooms, concert halls, music
festivals, theatres and assemblies that made the culture of English
provincial towns, and shows us how the national landscape became
one of Britain's greatest cultural treasures. It reveals to us a
picture of English artistic and literary life in the eighteenth
century less familiar, but more suprising, more various and more
convincing than any we have seen before.
This book is a reappraisal of English politics in the first decade
of George III's reign. It sets out to explain how party politics
changed, and what problems that created for the parliamentary
elite. The issues of party, of patriotism as it manifested itself
in the elder Pitt's political career, and of the relations between
the notions of ministerial responsibility and the powers of the
Crown are all used to illuminate the nature of political conflict.
Special emphasis is placed on Burke's notions of party. The schisms
created by this reconfiguration of party politics, Dr Brewer
argues, had effects beyond Westminster. He discusses
extra-parliamentary forms of political expression, notably the
press, and goes on to show how the career of John Wilkes and the
critique of British politics developed by American radicals gave
focus to a variety of political discontents, and produced new
arguments in favour of parliamentary reform. Throughout his study
he emphasises the interplay between popular and parliamentary
politics. His work is designed to show that the 'political nation'
included many other than the parliamentary classes, and that the
political conflicts of the period cannot be properly understood
without a full examination of political ideology.
Renowned marathon expert and leading sports scientist Professor
John Brewer reveals why many of the concepts surrounding marathon
training and running are wrong -- and suggests how the latest
sports science research transforms the way marathons should be
approached. Run Smart uses the latest scientific research to show
how preparing for, and running, marathons can be made easier, and
in doing so challenges many of the myths that surround marathon
running. The book will draw on the author's experience as one of
the UK's leading sports scientists, his extensive research
background in marathon running, and his experience as a marathon
runner, to provide credible advice to runners to support their
preparation for a marathon. The book will challenge many current
concepts, myths and ideas, and provide science-based alternatives
in areas such as training and nutrition that will optimise and ease
a runner's preparation for, and completion of, the 26.2 mile
distance. This highly accessible book will use the latest
scientific findings to support new runners training for their first
marathon and help more experienced athletes improve and train
smarter.
The Pleasures of the Imagination examines the birth and development
of English "high culture" in the eighteenth century. It charts the
growth of a literary and artistic world fostered by publishers,
theatrical and musical impresarios, picture dealers and
auctioneers, and presented to th public in coffee-houses, concert
halls, libraries, theatres and pleasure gardens. In 1660, there
were few professional authors, musicians and painters, no public
concert series, galleries, newspaper critics or reviews. By the
dawn of the nineteenth century they were all aprt of the cultural
life of the nation. John Brewer's enthralling book explains how
this happened and recreates the world in which the great works of
English eighteenth-century art were made. Its purpose is to show
how literature, painting, music and the theatre were communicated
to a public increasingly avid for them. It explores the alleys and
garrets of Grub Street, rummages the shelves of bookshops and
libraries, peers through printsellers' shop windows and into
artists' studios, and slips behind the scenes at Drury Lane and
Covent Garden. It takes us out of Gay and Boswell's London to visit
the debating clubs, poetry circles, ballrooms, concert halls, music
festivals, theatres and assemblies that made the culture of English
provincial towns, and shows us how the national landscape became
one of Britain's greatest cultural treasures. It reveals to us a
picture of English artistic and literary life in the eighteenth
century less familiar, but more suprising, more various and more
convincing than any we have seen before.
Over the last 10 years, the concept of value has emerged in both
business and public life as part of an important process of
measuring, benchmarking, and assuring the resources we invest and
the outcomes we generate from our activities. In the context of
public life, value is an important measure on the contribution to
business and social good of activities for which strict financial
measures are either inappropriate or fundamentally unsound. A
systematic, interdisciplinary examination of public value is
necessary to establish an essential definition and up-to-date
picture of the field. In reflecting on the 'public value project',
this book points to how the field has broadened well beyond its
original focus on public sector management; has deepened in terms
of the development of the analytical concepts and frameworks that
linked the concepts together; and has been applied increasingly in
concrete circumstances by academics, consultants, and
practitioners. This book covers three main topics; deepening and
enriching the theory of creating public value, broadening the
theory and practice of creating public value to voluntary and
commercial organisations and collaborative networks, and the
challenge and opportunity that the concept of public value poses to
social science and universities. Collectively, it offers new ways
of looking at public and social assets against a backdrop of
increasing financial pressure; new insights into changing social
attitudes and perceptions of value; and new models for increasingly
complicated collaborative forms of service delivery, involving
public, private, and not-for-profit players.
Scarcity in the Modern World brings together world-renowned
scholars to examine how concerns about the scarcity of
environmental resources such as water, food, energy and materials
have developed, and subsequently been managed, from the 18th to the
21st century. These multi-disciplinary contributions situate
contemporary concerns about scarcity within their longer history,
and address recent forecasts and debates surrounding the future
scarcity of fossil fuels, renewable energy and water up to 2075.
This book offers a fresh way of tackling the current challenge of
meeting global needs in an increasingly resource-stressed
environment. By bringing together scholars from a variety of
academic disciplines, this volume provides an innovative
multi-disciplinary perspective that corrects previous scholarship
which has discussed scientific and cultural issues separately. In
doing so, it recognizes that this challenge is complex and cannot
be addressed by a single discipline, but requires a concerted
effort to think about its political and social, as well as
technical and economic dimensions. This volume is essential for all
students and scholars of environmental and economic history.
A template of pre-crash scenarios is presented to depict national
crash statistics and kinematic information of time-to-collision for
the design of appropriate crash countermeasures based on
vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. This template serves the
development of functional requirements, performance specifications,
test procedures, and benefits estimation for potential
light-vehicle V2V safety applications. A set of ten pre-crash
scenarios is suggested as a priority list to be addressed by V2V
technology for light vehicles (i.e., passenger cars, vans and
minivans, sport utility vehicles, and light pickup trucks with
gross vehicle weight ratings of 10,000 pounds or less). This report
presents the time-to-collision equations as well as the crash
statistics for each of the ten priority scenarios based on data
available in the General Estimates System, National Motor Vehicle
Crash Causation Survey, and Event Data Recorder databases.
Title: The Speculators. A comedy.Publisher: British Library,
Historical Print EditionsThe British Library is the national
library of the United Kingdom. It is one of the world's largest
research libraries holding over 150 million items in all known
languages and formats: books, journals, newspapers, sound
recordings, patents, maps, stamps, prints and much more. Its
collections include around 14 million books, along with substantial
additional collections of manuscripts and historical items dating
back as far as 300 BC.The FICTION & PROSE LITERATURE collection
includes books from the British Library digitised by Microsoft. The
collection provides readers with a perspective of the world from
some of the 18th and 19th century's most talented writers. Written
for a range of audiences, these works are a treasure for any
curious reader looking to see the world through the eyes of ages
past. Beyond the main body of works the collection also includes
song-books, comedy, and works of satire. ++++The below data was
compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic
record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool
in helping to insure edition identification: ++++ British Library
Brewer, John; 1897. viii. 296 p.; 8 . 012626.e.43.
Globalization and consumerism are two of the buzzwords of the early
twenty-first century. In Consuming Cultures, renowned scholars
explore the links between modernity and consumption. The book fills
a gap in contemporary thinking on the subject by approaching it
from a truly global point-of-view. It draws on case studies from
around the world, with Africa, Asia and Central America featuring
as prominently as Western countries. A transnational perspective
allows the authors to investigate the diversity of consumer
cultures and the interaction between them. The authors look at the
genealogy of the modern consumer and the development of consumer
cultures, from the porcelain trade and consumption in Britain and
China in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, to post Second
World War developments in America and Japan, and the contemporary
consumer politics of cosmopolitan citizenship. Challenging and
pioneering, Consuming Cultures problematizes popular accounts of
globalization and consumerism, decentring the West and
concentrating on putting history back into these accounts.
Globalization and consumerism are two of the buzzwords of the early
twenty-first century. In Consuming Cultures, renowned scholars
explore the links between modernity and consumption. The book fills
a gap in contemporary thinking on the subject by approaching it
from a truly global point-of-view. It draws on case studies from
around the world, with Africa, Asia and Central America featuring
as prominently as Western countries. A transnational perspective
allows the authors to investigate the diversity of consumer
cultures and the interaction between them. The authors look at the
genealogy of the modern consumer and the development of consumer
cultures, from the porcelain trade and consumption in Britain and
China in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, to post Second
World War developments in America and Japan, and the contemporary
consumer politics of cosmopolitan citizenship. Challenging and
pioneering, Consuming Cultures problematizes popular accounts of
globalization and consumerism, decentring the West and
concentrating on putting history back into these accounts.
One April evening in 1779, Martha Ray, the pretty mistress of a
famous aristocrat, was shot dead at point-blank range by a young
clergyman who then attempted to take his own life. Instead he was
arrested, tried and hanged. In this fascinating new book, John
Brewer, a leading historian of eighteenth-century England, asks
what this peculiar little story was all about. Then as now, crimes
of passion were not uncommon, and the story had the hallmarks of a
great scandal--yet fiction and fact mingled confusingly in all the
accounts, and the case was hardly deemed appropriate material for
real history.
Was the crime about James Hackman's unrequited love for the
virtuous mother of the Earl of Sandwich's illicit children? Or was
Ray, too, deranged by passion, as a popular novel suggested? In
Victorian times the romance became a morality tale about decadent
Georgian aristocrats and the depravity of wanton women who
consorted with them; by the 1920s Ray was considered a chaste
mistress destroyed by male dominance and privilege. Brewer, in
tracing Ray's fate through these protean changes in journalism,
memoir, and melodrama, offers an unforgettable account of the
relationships among the three protagonists and their different
places in English society--and assesses the shifting balance
between storytelling and fact, past and present that inheres in all
history.
Scarcity in the Modern World brings together world-renowned
scholars to examine how concerns about the scarcity of
environmental resources such as water, food, energy and materials
have developed, and subsequently been managed, from the 18th to the
21st century. These multi-disciplinary contributions situate
contemporary concerns about scarcity within their longer history,
and address recent forecasts and debates surrounding the future
scarcity of fossil fuels, renewable energy and water up to 2075.
This book offers a fresh way of tackling the current challenge of
meeting global needs in an increasingly resource-stressed
environment. By bringing together scholars from a variety of
academic disciplines, this volume provides an innovative
multi-disciplinary perspective that corrects previous scholarship
which has discussed scientific and cultural issues separately. In
doing so, it recognizes that this challenge is complex and cannot
be addressed by a single discipline, but requires a concerted
effort to think about its political and social, as well as
technical and economic dimensions. This volume is essential for all
students and scholars of environmental and economic history.
This enormously influential book by three leading historians was a
revolution in the understanding of commercialisation and the
economy, entrepreneurship, innovation, and the consumer revolution.
Neil McKendrick studies the fashion and the pottery industries, and
created a new framework for enquiring into fundamental issues. John
Brewer examines the commercialisation and politics. J.H. Plumb
considers the social; changes brought about by commercialization,
looking in particular at leisure, the `new world' of children, and
the acceptance of modernity.
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